
Data centers have come under scrutiny not just for their energy consumption but also for their significant water usage, which has become a pressing environmental concern.
Recent research highlights the staggering amount of water these facilities consume, with estimates suggesting that a typical data center may use between 11 to 19 million liters (approximately 2.9 to 5 million gallons) of water daily, equivalent to that of a small town populated by 30,000 to 50,000 residents. Much of the water is utilized for direct cooling processes for the servers, air conditioning, and cooling the power generators.
The urgency surrounding this issue is particularly notable in the UK, where a report from the Royal Academy of Engineering has prompted calls for tech companies to accurately disclose their water and energy usage. Experts warn that without proper monitoring and regulation, the expansion of artificial intelligence and its associated technologies could severely harm the environment.
Contrastingly, the water supply situation in the United States provides a different context. Regions like Chicago benefit from the vast freshwater resources of the Great Lakes, while the Columbia and Klamath Rivers have attracted data centers due to both water abundance and hydroelectric power. However, some areas, like Goodyear, Arizona, have begun implementing restrictions on new water-intensive businesses amid concerns of water depletion exacerbated by data center developments.
With rapidly growing water needs in mind, industry analysts argue for establishing benchmarks for water consumption, similar to existing metrics for power use, to promote responsible consumption and sustainability within this sector.
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