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Building a Redundant Network with Mikrotik and BGP for High Availability
Building a redundant network is essential for ensuring high availability and minimizing downtime in critical systems. Mikrotik routers, combined with Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), offer a robust solution for network failover and redundancy. In this guide, we’ll explore the practical steps to configure a redundant network using Mikrotik and BGP.
1. Why Redundancy and BGP Are Important
High availability is crucial for businesses that rely on uninterrupted connectivity. Redundancy ensures that if one link or router fails, another can take over without significant impact.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): BGP is a powerful protocol for managing routing between different networks, enabling failover and load balancing.
Mikrotik Routers: These are cost-effective, feature-rich devices that support advanced networking features like BGP.
2. Prerequisites for Setting Up Redundancy
Before configuring redundancy, ensure the following:
Mikrotik Routers: At least two Mikrotik routers to act as primary and backup devices.
Multiple ISPs: Two or more internet service providers for redundancy.
Public IP Addresses: Allocated public IPs for configuring BGP sessions.
ASN (Autonomous System Number): An ASN from a Regional Internet Registry (RIR).
3. Configuring BGP on Mikrotik Routers
Step 1: Enable BGP on Mikrotik
Access the Mikrotik router and enable BGP:
/routing bgp instance
add name="default" as=64512 router-id=192.168.1.1
Step 2: Add BGP Peers
Define BGP peers to establish connections with your ISPs:
/routing bgp peer
add name="ISP1" remote-address=203.0.113.1 remote-as=65501 instance="default"
add name="ISP2" remote-address=203.0.113.2 remote-as=65502 instance="default"
Step 3: Configure Prefixes
Advertise your public IP prefixes to the ISPs:
/routing filter
add chain=bgp-out prefix=192.0.2.0/24 action=accept
/routing bgp network
add network=192.0.2.0/24
Step 4: Monitor BGP Sessions
Verify the status of BGP sessions:
/routing bgp peer print
Ensure that the state shows established for all peers.
4. Implementing Failover and Load Balancing
Failover Configuration
Set up route prioritization to ensure failover:
/ip route
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=203.0.113.1 distance=1
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=203.0.113.2 distance=2
The lower distance value is preferred, ensuring ISP1 is the primary gateway. If ISP1 fails, traffic automatically switches to ISP2.
Load Balancing
Distribute traffic across both ISPs:
/ip route
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=203.0.113.1 routing-mark=to-ISP1
add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=203.0.113.2 routing-mark=to-ISP2
/mangle
add chain=prerouting src-address=192.0.2.0/24 action=mark-routing new-routing-mark=to-ISP1
add chain=prerouting src-address=192.0.2.128/25 action=mark-routing new-routing-mark=to-ISP2
5. Testing the Redundant Setup
Simulate ISP Failure
Disconnect one ISP link and check if the traffic fails over to the backup link. Use the following command to monitor routes:
/ip route print
Verify BGP Advertisements
Ensure your prefixes are being advertised correctly:
/routing bgp advertisements
6. Best Practices for Redundancy
Monitor BGP Sessions: Use monitoring tools to ensure BGP sessions are stable.
Implement Security: Secure your BGP setup with MD5 authentication.
Use Redundant Hardware: Consider dual power supplies and redundant routers for hardware reliability.
Regular Backups: Backup Mikrotik configurations regularly.
Conclusion
Setting up a redundant network with Mikrotik and BGP ensures high availability and enhances network resilience. By following this guide, you can create a failover-ready infrastructure that minimizes downtime and maximizes performance. Whether you’re managing a business-critical network or a large enterprise, redundancy is a key factor in delivering uninterrupted connectivity.